Migraine - Dr. Ritu Jha

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that can be debilitating and disruptive. It affects millions of people worldwide, with women being more commonly affected than men. While migraine attacks vary in intensity and duration, they often involve severe, throbbing pain on one side of the head, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Symptoms of Migraine
Migraine symptoms can be divided into two phases:
Prodrome: These symptoms occur hours or days before the actual headache and may include:

1. Mood swings
2. Fatigue
3. Neck stiffness
4. Increased urination
5. Food cravings
6. Constipation or diarrhea

Aura: About one-third of migraine sufferers experience aura, which are visual disturbances that precede the headache.
Aura symptoms may include:

1. Blind spots
2. Flashing lights
3. Tingling sensations
4. Difficulty speaking

Headache Phase: The most recognizable phase of migraine, characterized by:

1. Severe, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Sensitivity to light and sound
4. Pain worsened by physical activity

Postdrome: After the headache subsides, you may experience:

1. Fatigue
2. Difficulty concentrating
3. Mood swings

Causes of Migraine
The exact cause of migraine is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics: Migraines often run in families.
• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in estrogen levels can trigger migraines in women.
• Environmental factors: Stress, lack of sleep, certain foods, and weather changes can act as migraine triggers.
• Brain chemicals: Imbalances in brain chemicals, such as serotonin, may play a role.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine
Dr. Ritu Jha, a consultant neurologist in Faridabad, offers comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for migraines. The diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests to rule out other conditions.
Treatment options for migraine vary depending on the severity and frequency of attacks. They may include:

• Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription medications can help alleviate migraine pain.
• Preventive medications: These medications are taken daily to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
• Lifestyle modifications: Stress management techniques, regular sleep, and dietary changes can help prevent migraines.
• Botox injections: Injections of botulinum toxin-A may be effective for chronic migraine.

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